This chapter deals with pension benefits. Pension benefits are a key aspect of social protection in the European Union. There is presented which benefits are considered pension benefits for the purposes of Coordination Regulation. In this respect, it is examined which pension benefits are considered social security benefits to be distinguished from social assistance and special non-contributory cash benefits. In principle, social assistance is excluded from the scope of Coordination Regulation. However, the Court interprets the social security benefit in the broad sense accepting certain characteristics traditionally pertaining to social assistance. The need of clarification is greater regarding the special non-contributory benefits, on which the coordination pension rules do not apply. This is why the residence criterion is examined, as well as the provisions’ ratio for the respective benefits.