Nutrient-rich soil is essential for better agricultural productivity. With the rapid growth of the human population, the food demand has doubled. To fulfill the demand for food, intense farming is practiced worldwide. This Intense farming activity leads to nutrient depletion, land degradation, loss of soil biodiversity, application of agrochemicals, soil erosion, soil compaction, and waterlogging problems. In the current scenario, soil protection and conservation are essential to increase crop production and meet global food demand. Crop rotation, crop cover, and soil management are the foremost practices of sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture can be defined as a method of agriculture that aims at fulfilling the present food requirements and at the same time conserving resources for the needs of future generations. It attempts to bring harmony among ecological sustainability, economic viability, and social equity. This chapter gives insight into the historical perspective, different crop species, benefits, and ecological roles. Thus, it shows how crop rotation, crop cover, and soil management are important for maintaining soil fertility.