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This chapter traces the conceptual and historical foundations of artificial intelligence (AI), beginning with early philosophical inquiries and the seminal Turing test. It explores the formal birth of AI at the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and the pioneering symbolic systems developed by Newell and Simon. Key philosophical critiques, such as Searle’s Chinese Room Argument, are examined alongside evolving definitions of “intelligence” in machines. The chapter delves into core reasoning paradigms—deductive, inductive, and uncertain reasoning—and surveys foundational AI applications, including expert systems, robotics, and natural language processing.

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The Genesis of Artificial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Rajendra Akerkar

摘要

This chapter traces the conceptual and historical foundations of artificial intelligence (AI), beginning with early philosophical inquiries and the seminal Turing test. It explores the formal birth of AI at the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and the pioneering symbolic systems developed by Newell and Simon. Key philosophical critiques, such as Searle’s Chinese Room Argument, are examined alongside evolving definitions of “intelligence” in machines. The chapter delves into core reasoning paradigms—deductive, inductive, and uncertain reasoning—and surveys foundational AI applications, including expert systems, robotics, and natural language processing.