This chapter talks about the nanopaper, a versatile material derived from various bio-based and synthetic sources. This chapter outlines the significance of nanopapers, categorizes nanopapers into fully bio-nanopaper, fully bionanocomposite nanopaper, bio/non-bionanocomposite nanopaper, and fully non-bio-nanopaper, detailing their specific types, such as cellulose-based, chitin/chitosan, and nanoclay-polymer nanopapers. The manufacturing process is examined, highlighting key steps, including raw material selection, nanofibrillation, and sheet formation. Additionally, the challenges of scaling-up production for industrial applications are discussed, encompassing pilot-scale to large-scale manufacturing. The properties of various nanopaper types are analyzed, focusing on flexibility, transparency, and optical characteristics. This chapter ultimately aims to elucidate the new emerging nanopaper with excellent properties, while also addressing the challenges faced in its development and commercialization.