The Greek-Turkish exchange of populations is situated in the political context of the simultaneous reconstruction of the two neighbouring countries in the aftermath of the Greek-Turkish War (1919–1922) and their consolidation as nation states. In Lausanne, land and population constituted the risk factor in the diplomatic negotiations between all involved parties. The Convention of Lausanne (30 January 1923) regulated the fate of approximately two million people in a non-reversible and compulsory way. The agreement, although of ambiguous compliance with international law, imposed ethnic unmixing as an acceptable practice and finalised the consequences of the war.