The chapter discusses the settlement of Greek refugees in Greek Macedonia during the interwar period, and its various political, social, and economic impacts. Greek Macedonia received the highest number of refugees, who primarily settled in rural regions. Their arrival coincided with larger population movements in the area, which altered the demographic makeup of the region. However, the refugee settlement also expedited agricultural reforms in the Macedonian region and played a role in facilitating the smooth integration of the region into the Greek state.