The mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza belongs to the family Rhizophoraceae and is commonly known as black mangroves. It is a tall and valuable medicinal tree found in wetlands on the tropical coast of the Indian Ocean as well as the western region of the Pacific Ocean, wherever the species is a common tree species. The chapter is intended to review the botany, dietary and pharmaceutical uses, phytochemical constituents extracted from different parts of the plants, and bioactivities of the compounds isolated from B. gymnorrhiza. A comprehensive literature search was done, and we observed that several compounds were isolated from leaves, roots, stems, and bark of the B. gymnorrhiza plant. The compounds, such as terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, peptides, quinones, polyketides, sulfur-containing compounds, flavonoids, aromatic compounds, and other compounds. Several compounds extracted from the plants have significant biological activities. B. gymnorrhiza is an abundant creator of metabolites, which have several pharmacological properties. The compounds existing in different parts of the plant showed anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, insecticidal, and mosquito-repellent activity, cytotoxic activity, and antimicrobial actions with enzyme inhibitory activities. For future use, the extracts of B. gymnorrhiza play a vital role in the production of pharmacological products.