The species Mauritia flexuosa L.f., commonly known as buriti, is a palm tree belonging to the family Arecaceae. It is widely distributed in South America, found in Brazil across the phytogeographic domains of Caatinga, Pantanal, and Amazon. It grows and thrives in warm, humid climates with abundant water resources and decomposing organic matter, typically found in wetlands and low-relief areas or near waterways, being considered a keystone species in these environments. Different parts of the plant are used by traditional communities for food, cultural activities, construction, and traditional medicine, serving as a healer, skin moisturizer, natural sunscreen, and treatment for respiratory issues and snake bites. Rich in bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological potential, such as fatty acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phytosterols, organic acids, saccharides, terpenes, lactones, and carotenoids, various biological activities are recognized in the literature for buriti, particularly antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic activities, among others. Due to its substantial yet underexplored potential, preclinical and clinical studies are necessary for the possible production of medications.