Languages have traveled with trade expeditions since the invention of agriculture and imperial expansions (including colonization ventures). In some ways the modern Europeans’ colonial ventures are reminiscent of the Romans’ imperial conquests, of Pro-Indo-European and Proto-Bantu territorial expansion, of the Incas’ empire, and of the Sinitic and Arabic geographical spreads, among many other cases around the world. The languages of the colonizers have traveled with them; and variation in the colonization styles can be correlated with variation in consequences of the ventures, thus illustrating differential evolution. Noteworthy are the following: (1) neither colonization nor worldwide globalization is unique to the last half-millennium of human history; (2) there are diverse kinds of colonization styles; (3) the economic globalization has just become more complex; (4) and the size of what is considered as the “world” has increased over time. Otherwise, we should consider uniformitarianism in the way we discuss LEL to understand why it has not occurred everywhere nor at the same speed where it has. Also, note that the prevailing language in the different colonies has not always been that of the colonizing population.

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Trade and Imperial Expansions as Generators of Global Networks and Ethnic Diasporas

  • Salikoko Mufwene

摘要

Languages have traveled with trade expeditions since the invention of agriculture and imperial expansions (including colonization ventures). In some ways the modern Europeans’ colonial ventures are reminiscent of the Romans’ imperial conquests, of Pro-Indo-European and Proto-Bantu territorial expansion, of the Incas’ empire, and of the Sinitic and Arabic geographical spreads, among many other cases around the world. The languages of the colonizers have traveled with them; and variation in the colonization styles can be correlated with variation in consequences of the ventures, thus illustrating differential evolution. Noteworthy are the following: (1) neither colonization nor worldwide globalization is unique to the last half-millennium of human history; (2) there are diverse kinds of colonization styles; (3) the economic globalization has just become more complex; (4) and the size of what is considered as the “world” has increased over time. Otherwise, we should consider uniformitarianism in the way we discuss LEL to understand why it has not occurred everywhere nor at the same speed where it has. Also, note that the prevailing language in the different colonies has not always been that of the colonizing population.