I have tied language vitality to socioeconomic structure in several places throughout this book. In the present chapter I focus on where linguists’ advice to governments competes with economists’ recommendations. I start by inviting linguists to revisit their understanding of what economics means and how some of us got where we can speak about languages as capitals (when people compete for jobs) and as having market values. In the context of language vitality, the market valuation bears on language choices speakers/signers make during their interactions; and the choices can vary from one domain to another. These can have wider implications in multilingual settings where people always have to select the language of interaction. Several economists think multilingualism is economically too costly and impedes economic development. They advise against using too many languages in the school system, in the economic system, and in the government and public administration. The cost can indeed be prohibitive for poor countries that are determined to get out of poverty. How do language advocates engage with dilemmas between maintaining language diversity in a polity and the high costs that the latter must incur to satisfy the desideratum? These are real-world wicked problems; and hitherto disenfranchised demographic majorities would like to partake in the economic development of their polities. Quite often language rights, if these are real, and human rights clash!