Using games in teaching mathematics is an engaging and effective method that fosters students’ interest in the learning process and helps them develop their mathematical skills through play. Vietnamese folklore boasts numerous entertaining games that also serve as exercises for cognitive development. Incorporating these traditional games into mathematics education not only supplements theoretical and practical knowledge about using games in teaching but also enhances students’ understanding and pride in the intellectual prowess of the Vietnamese people, thus deepening their cultural appreciation. The article introduces Tri Uan, a game invented by revolutionary Nguyen Tri Uan in the 1940s, which has gained widespread popularity in Vietnam and internationally. This game can be applied to teaching natural numbers and geometric concepts. The study proposes a methodology for utilizing Tri Uan in teaching and illustrates its implementation in teaching natural number concepts and calculating the area of shapes in elementary mathematics. Integrating Tri Uan into mathematics education creates an environment conducive to autonomous learning, fostering creative thinking and cognitive development in students.