Bioactive peptides could be produced through diverse methodologies; nevertheless, the use of microbial cells remains an interesting strategy. A considerable quantity of microbial origin peptides exhibits an antimicrobial effect, which humans could exploit to control undesirable organisms in diverse fields. Still, novel functionalities are studied for peptides derived from microbial metabolism and their incorporation into emerging strategies and products. This chapter aims to explain the generalities involved in bioactive peptides and other microbial peptides production and mention the vast source of microorganisms that could generate the peptides with significant bioactivities and their possible applications.