Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced manufacturing process, and it uses computer-aided design (CAD) for the production of any 3D object layer by layer. This technique has been used in the medical industry since the early 1990s, enabling the production of specially designed implants and prostheses that are adapted to perfectly fit the target area using patient medical imaging data. Furthermore, it has become possible to produce personalized functional tissues and organs in the laboratory through 3D bioprinting of cell-laden biomaterials, known as “bioink.” 3D modeling and 3D printing techniques can also be used to create surgical planning models and surgical guides that provide ease of application during surgery, tailored to each individual patient. This chapter describes how 3D printing technology is applied in the medical field, including clinical practice, experimental research, and medical education. The anticipated developments for the near future are also covered.