The concept of public diplomacy has traditionally been viewed through a state-centric lens, closely intertwined with a state’s foreign policy objectives. Despite the increasing involvement of non-state actors, publics are often perceived as targets of public diplomacy rather than active agents. This state-centric perspective tends to portray publics as having fixed attributes, while overlooking the dynamic interactions between states and publics. Furthermore, within public diplomacy scholarship, there is a tendency to assume positive relations between states and diaspora publics, viewing diaspora communities as amplifiers of a nation’s message and facilitators of international ties. However, this chapter aims to challenge these assumptions by exploring the emergence of diaspora publics as disruptive, adversarial non-state actors in public diplomacy. Using a case study of the Kurdish diaspora, this chapter will discuss how diaspora communities can evolve into influential non-state actors, disrupting the dominant state narrative and posing challenges to the legitimacy of the state on the global stage. Through this examination, the chapter seeks to shed light on the evolving relational dynamics between states and diasporas as adversarial publics and influential stakeholders in public diplomacy.