This chapter outlines the motivation behind the creation of this book on foundations, innovations, and quality assurance in digital-based international large-scale assessments (ILSAs). It examines the critical role of technology as a driving force in the evolution of ILSAs, highlighting how advancements in digital tools and methodologies have transformed assessment practices in the past decades. The chapter also provides a comprehensive overview of the book’s content, detailing each part’s key themes and contributions. Additionally, it presents a perspective on the future of digital-based ILSAs, discussing emerging trends and potential directions for research and practice in this rapidly changing field.