This chapter starts by explaining the concepts and implications of material agency and the so-called material turn in the social sciences. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory is introduced, along with Ian Hodder’s concept of entanglement as ways of applying these insights in practice. Then two examples follow. We trace the journey of a peppercorn from its harvest in the Western Ghat mountains in present-day Kerala to its consumers in a Roman military camp on the Wall of Hadrian. After this we visit gold- and silver mines in Roman Spain and follow coins on their journey to southern India, northwestern China and Scandinavia, discussing how these objects took on different significance as they changed hands along the road. The final part of the chapter discusses how objects formed networks of things when they were moved and exchanged, drawing on the lists of Indian Ocean trade goods preserved in the first century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.