Standardization and Localism in Latin and Bilingual Petitions to the Prefect of Egypt
摘要
Latin petitions to the prefect of Egypt include requests for guardians and for agnitio bonorum possessionis. They were both addressed to the provincial governor by Roman citizens. Despite the different object of the requests, the two documentary types attest a similar practice and share common patterns. This is probably due to the status civitatis of the petitioners and to the related use of the Latin language in the body of the document. As most Roman citizens in Egypt were unfamiliar with Latin, on the one hand, in most Latin requests the petitioner (and the proposed guardian, in petitions for the appointment of a tutor mulieris) subscribes in Greek; on the other, there was a need for Greek translations, preserved (alone or together with the Latin text) in P.Oxy. XII 1466 (AD 245); ChLA XI 486 (AD 249); P.Oxy. IX 1201 (AD 258); P.Oxy. XXXIV 2710 (AD 261)). Copies of the requests, with a checkmark and a reference to the sheet of the roll in which the original petition was to be found, were authenticated with the prefectural decision and probably returned to the petitioners. The paper aims to investigate to what extent these ‘standardisierte Petitionen’ (Haensch 1994) were standardised and to examine request with a peculiar format. There is indeed still uncertainty about the identification of the hands in the single documents and, consequently, about the whole process of submitting the petitions (Thomas 1983; Haensch 1994; Mascellari 2016). Moreover, two texts exceptionally record the presence of witnesses. One is ChLA XXVIII 865 (AD 223), a request for agnitio bonorum possessionis in which the witnesses’ names are listed in the genitive case at the bottom. A new case to be discussed is P.Oxy. XII 1466, a petition for a tutor mulieris unique in its kind, because it appears now to be drafted in the form of a Roman double document.