The sensing technology escalating a remarkable progress due to their incomparable selectivity and sensitivity-based applicability. The advancement in technology owes much to the integration of material sciences with nanotechnology, resulting in the emergence of highly effective sensing technologies. The integration of advanced nanomaterials into sensing platforms has enabled the development of more cost-effective, faster and consistent evaluation methods. This advancement holds great promise for applications across scientific fields, particularly in environmental monitoring, pollution detection, and complex environmental forensic investigations, making nano sensors a focal area for ongoing research and development efforts. In this context, nano sensors incorporating hybrid materials, including non-carbon containing materials such as metals, metal oxides, their composites, and non-metals; alongside carbon-containing materials like carbon nanoparticles, carbon dots, and graphene-based nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention for their promising applications in environmental science and research. Therefore, the current chapter emphasizes the significance and function of sensors based on hybrid nanomaterials, encompassing both carbon-based and non-carbon-based variations. It also explores their recent progressions and the primary factors that have elevated them to a favored choice in sensing technologies. The chapter extensively explores the environmental uses of sensors based on hybrid nanomaterials, as well as the primary challenges and anticipated future challenges linked to this technology.