Nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking field with the potential to transform sectors ranging from medicine to energy and electronics. The use of natural and artificial nanoparticles in all aspects of life makes life easier. Nanoparticles have many benefits, but their uncontrolled use in commercial products and subsequent release into ecosystems raises concerns about their potential environmental and human health impacts. Eco-nanotoxicology is the study of how organisms and ecosystems are affected by man-made nanoparticles in the environment. Transforming nanotechnology into environmentally friendly technology through the adoption of bottom-up preparation methods from green chemistry helps mitigate related risks in industrial applications, toxic effects on ecosystem and aligns with the attributes of ideal technology. Recent trends in nanotoxicology involve integrating high-throughput screening methods to establish structure-activity relationships using various types of nanoparticles and in vitro screening tests along with computational analysis and omics-based approaches with a focus on developing sensitive toxicity tests for early detection of harmful effects. In view of this, the present paper takes an in-depth look at the key ideas and approaches in the growing subject of eco-nanotoxicology. It explores the interactions of nanomaterials with the environment, looking at their behavior, fate, bioavailability and toxicity in ecosystems. It will also include the importance of recognizing the potential hazards associated with nanoparticles to ensure their safe and long-term use in various industries contributing to the sustainable and harmonious coexistence of nanotechnology.