Existing research on water network construction primarily focuses on macro objectives and system architectures. However, owing to the integrative and intricate characteristics of water networks, the exploration and identification of water network evolution patterns must be conducted under conditions of incomplete information and uncertainty. The methodology of resource allocation in complex system provides theoretical guidance for addressing these issues. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the intrinsic relationship between water networks and complex systems. It deconstructs the research objects of complex water network systems including physical water network, information water network, management water network and digital twin water network. Using a tetrahedral framework, the study formalizes topological diagrams that address the objectives, structures, and nodes of water networks. It further performs a quantitative analysis of the circulation of water flows, information flows, operational flows and value streams within these networks across both temporal and spatial dimensions. By standardizing the constraints on the full lifecycle application system for water network construction, this study addresses critical challenges. These include formal representation, quantitative analysis, and the establishment of standardized regulations for complex water network systems.