In this chapter, the author examines Immanuel Kant’s vision of an Enlightened society divided into two distinct classes: the “enlightened,” who, through rationality, discipline, and cultural refinement, earn full autonomy and dignity, and the “unenlightened,” who are deemed incapable of self-governance and thus require paternalistic guidance. By unpacking Kant’s rationale for privileging certain individuals with freedom while constraining others, the chapter critiques the inherent inequality of this model. It lays the foundation for challenging the hierarchical structures that have long influenced modern educational and societal systems.