In this chapter, André Torre describes François Perroux as one of the fathers of regional science and undoubtedly the founder of French and French-speaking regional science in the 1950s and 1960s. His theoretical contributions take into account in an essential way the question of space and the regional and local dimensions. He incorporated these dimensions into an original theory of growth and development, which has had an impressive posterity and is still influential today in terms of development principles. Perroux made important contributions to economic analysis, especially in terms of growth and development processes, domains where he has adopted a non-standard and often evolutionary approach. Finally, as a pragmatic economist, he has seen his ideas and principles spread throughout the world, with the implementation of many development policies inspired by his research, so that his influence is still major today, in particular with regard to unbalanced growth issues and the development paths of emerging regions or countries. The purpose of this chapter is to recall the essential contribution of François Perroux to social sciences and, especially, to regional science. His contribution is important in several respects, whether it concerns his theoretical elaborations in the field of development, especially growth pole and economic space theory; his applications of growth pole theory; his role as an adviser in many developing countries; or his intellectual leadership in the creation of a French-speaking Section of the Regional Science Association.