As nanotechnology introduces novel approaches for enhancing crop productivity and protecting plants, it also raises concerns about the ecological and health impacts of nanomaterials. This chapter explores the intersection of nanotechnology and sustainable agricultural practices, focusing on the potential environmental and safety implications. With the increasing reliance on nanotechnology in agriculture, particularly in the development of pesticides, fertilizers, and growth stimulants, it is crucial to balance their innovative benefits with potential ecological and health risks. The chapter comprehensively reviews the advantages of nano-formulations, such as improved efficiency, targeted delivery, and reduced chemical usage, which collectively contribute to sustainable farming practices. However, it also highlights the emerging challenges posed by nanoparticle exposure to non-target organisms, potential soil and water contamination, and the long-term implications for human health. Furthermore it explores the mechanisms of nanoparticle interaction with biological systems, emphasizing the need for robust safety assessments and regulatory frameworks. They advocate for the development of environmentally benign nano-materials and the implementation of best practices in the manufacturing, application, and disposal of nano-agricultural products. Moreover, the chapter underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research and international cooperation in establishing guidelines that ensure the safe integration of nanotechnology in agriculture. By addressing these critical environmental and safety considerations, the chapter aims to pave the way for the responsible use of nano-formulations, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural sector.