Manipulation of carbon materials from bulk to nano initiated diverse opportunities in environmental science and technology. Since the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, carbon nanomaterials, comprising carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, and carbon quantum dots, have gained attention to solve environmental problems due to their unique structural properties. The primary focus of this chapter includes the synthesis methods, unique properties, and environmental significance of diverse carbon nanomaterials. This chapter describes the structural characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. Thereafter, it focuses on standard methods for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials, like hydrothermal, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, laser ablation, arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical, and template-assisted techniques. Each technique is assessed on its efficiency in producing carbon nanomaterials with unique properties. Moreover, a detailed insight into the physiochemical properties of synthesized carbon nanomaterials has been offered that shows their potential to shape a cleaner environment. The environmental significance of carbon nanomaterials is also discussed in the final section. Carbon nanomaterials are remarkable in enabling cleaner technologies as they possess exceptional properties that are beneficial in creating a sustainable environment. They have displayed potential in various fields, such as wastewater filtration, photocatalysis, antibacterial control systems, toxic gas removal, and soil remediation. Therefore, research advancement in carbon nanomaterials aids in addressing environmental challenges for shaping a healthy world.