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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, despite 90% of risk factors deemed to be preventable for CVD. Novel therapeutics have proven effective in combating CVD, yet risk factors for the disease remain a concern with poor outcomes evident across the globe. This review article summarizes relevant risk factors pertaining to cardiovascular disease, of which include air pollution, outdoor light pollution, socioeconomic status, and environmental noise. Summarized are various studies pertaining to each risk factor and its relationship to CVD, along with possible pathophysiological mechanisms analyzing the associations. Public health policy for each risk factor is also made a concern in this article as a focus on preventative measures is made to help mitigate cardiovascular risk in the public.

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Environmental Noise and Outdoor Light Pollution in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Toxicity

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Zubair Ahmed,
  • Fihr Chaudhary,
  • Devendra K. Agrawal

摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, despite 90% of risk factors deemed to be preventable for CVD. Novel therapeutics have proven effective in combating CVD, yet risk factors for the disease remain a concern with poor outcomes evident across the globe. This review article summarizes relevant risk factors pertaining to cardiovascular disease, of which include air pollution, outdoor light pollution, socioeconomic status, and environmental noise. Summarized are various studies pertaining to each risk factor and its relationship to CVD, along with possible pathophysiological mechanisms analyzing the associations. Public health policy for each risk factor is also made a concern in this article as a focus on preventative measures is made to help mitigate cardiovascular risk in the public.