Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Toxicity
摘要
Drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity remains a significant cause of heart-related morbidity and mortality. This could be clinical manifestations as arrhythmia, prolongation of QT interval, myocardial ischemia, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, or cardiac arrest. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as age, gender, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, renal failure or drug-drug interactions, only partly explain the risk of drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity. In addition to these factors, increasing evidence has emphasised the role of genetic variability as a crucial factor for the development of cardiovascular toxicity. Pharmacogenetics as a discipline studies the role of genetic variations on drugs response and could provide valuable input on identifying patients with inherent risk of drug-induce toxicity. The use of specific pharmacogenetic markers will unable better tailoring and personalisation of pharmacotherapy based on the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient. This chapter reviews drugs that cause cardiovascular toxicity, the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, as well as the genetic variations associated with the risk of drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity.