The e-Agriculture plays a significant role in the evolving domain of the modern digital world. However, ensuring security and privacy in the e-Agricultural framework is a vital factor. From a rigorous literature review, we found that all the existing schemes are susceptible to various security and privacy-related issues or bear higher communication and computation overheads. Therefore, in this paper, we have introduced a novel mutual authentication protocol for e-Agriculture using ECC (MAP-ECC) which emphasizes to share a common session key among all the communicating entities for the secure exchange of crucial agricultural data. Further, the informal security analysis shows that our protocol is secure against all well-known security threats. On the other hand, the formal security validation of MAP-ECC using the AVISPA simulator ensures that our protocol is SAFE against both replay and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. Further, the performance evaluation of MAP-ECC in terms of computation and communication overheads is carried out and compared with the existing schemes. The comparative result shows that MAP-ECC incurs low computation and communication overheads than the existing schemes. Thus, the proposed MAP-ECC outperforms the existing schemes and ensures its feasibility for implementation in a real-world e-Agricultural sector.