Since the early days of single-contrast barium imaging, attempts have been made to detect esophageal motility abnormalities, including achalasia. More in-depth examination of esophageal motor function is now possible thanks to the development of cinefluoroscopy and videofluoroscopy.In order to diagnose functional esophageal motility disorders, radiological examination of the esophagus is essential. Depending on the clinical question being asked, the radiological examination may be carried out in two stages, either separately or sequentially. These include single- and double-contrast examinations, which evaluate esophageal anatomy and function. Without an evaluation of esophageal function, particularly peristalsis and bolus transit, a comprehensive radiological evaluation is lacking.