The history of esophageal functional diseases, including achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and diffuse esophageal spasm, offers significant insights into the evolution of medical and surgical approaches to these conditions. Unlike structural abnormalities, esophageal functional disorders arise from disruptions in motility, posing unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This chapter traces the development of treatments, from ancient references to esophageal interventions in the Edwin Smith Papyrus to the modern era of minimally invasive and robotic surgeries. Key milestones in esophageal surgery, including early techniques for achalasia and the rise of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures, are examined. Innovations such as esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and the application of other technologies have revolutionized the management of these diseases, leading to safer and more effective outcomes. As the understanding of esophageal function has evolved, so too have surgical techniques, which now emphasize precision, reduced invasiveness, and improved patient recovery. This chapter explores the historical and technical developments that have shaped the treatment landscape for esophageal functional diseases, providing a comprehensive view of the past, present, and future directions in esophageal surgery.