The article emphasizes the need for livelihood projects in Chad to address displacement issues caused by uncontrolled use of natural resources, leading to degradation and high costs for the population, including over 1.4 million Sudanese displaced. The study assesses the livelihoods of new Sudanese settlers in eastern Chad, focusing on women and children, over 35 years. Land degradation and reduced productivity due to increased livestock and fighting between rebel groups and the government are highlighted. The research also emphasizes women’s role in sustainable development. This study highlights the importance of minimizing negative associations with local communities in refugee camps. Refugees often return to areas surrounding the camps to fulfill basic livelihood requirements, such as electricity, charcoal, and animal fodder. However, these associations generate interest in access, production, and distribution, potentially supporting community-led activities but potentially leading to displacement. Refugees have limited capacity to destroy resources, as most forest and agricultural activities are already exploitation-driven. The study suggests that factors like natural resource limitations are not responsible for displacement but rather humanitarian aid, land allocation, and individual economic status. The study explores Sudan’s agricultural land-use choices, revealing palm cultivation as a favored method for reducing food crises. However, long-term refugee presence negatively impacts economic outcomes and causes food insecurity. Future research should focus on monitoring refugee activities. Leach suggests linking humanitarian aid with natural resource use policies, incorporating emergency relief for refugees into long-term strategies, considering cultural factors, and promoting home-garden cultivation for camp management. She also suggests incorporating refugee and host land rights for common resources and promoting national policy frameworks for community-based resource management.