The legislative and institutional framework is crucial for environmental protection and the attainment of sustainable development goals in Jordan and Oman. In Jordan, papers reveal that the lack of a robust legislative and institutional framework ensuring environmental human rights in the Constitution constitutes a primary obstacle to attaining sustainable development goals. The organization of well-informed campaigns by civil society and societal actors, grounded on an alternative vision, is crucial for effecting genuine change. Simultaneously, the Sultanate of Oman developed a definitive institutional and operational structure to attain the sustainable development goals. A national committee was established under the leadership of the Minister of Planning and International Cooperation to coordinate national initiatives. The Sultanate’s national plans and strategies also incorporated sustainable development goals. Consequently, it is evident that a robust and supporting legislative and institutional framework is essential for environmental protection and the attainment of sustainable development goals. In what aspects the Sultanate of Oman surpasses Jordan according to the information in the available sources.