The contemporary environment faces increasing challenges that require an effective legal framework to resolve the disputes arising from them. This research addresses the legal system for resolving environmental disputes and their risks through a comparative study between the judiciary and arbitration. The research purpose is to evaluate the legal tools available for resolving environmental disputes, focusing on the differences between judicial and arbitration procedures in this context. The study contains an analysis of environmental laws and legislation in different countries a review of practical cases for resolving environmental disputes, and an evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of both the judiciary and arbitration in achieving environmental justice. Also, the research gives recommendations for improving the legal system for resolving environmental disputes and promoting environmental sustainability, which enhances the ability of societies to deal with environmental challenges more effectively.