Agriculture faces significant challenges and limitations, including limited and depleting resources, the adverse impacts of climate change, and reduced productivity resulting from abiotic and biotic stresses. These factors collectively contribute to substantial losses in the agricultural sector, posing a serious threat to global food security. While conventional practices in managing agricultural challenges offer solutions, their effectiveness can be significantly improved through the integration of technology. Nanotechnology is one such emerging field that has profound influence in the agricultural field in managing plant diseases. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for enhancing agricultural sustainability. Nanoscale particles are employed for the early disease detection, targeted pesticide delivery leading to higher efficacy, increased shelf life with low toxicity to the environment. This chapter discusses the key applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, with a particular focus on disease management. It describes the various tools and techniques employed in the application of nanotechnology in agriculture, giving details of the types of metal nanoparticles and its synthesis. It discusses green synthesis methods that are environmentally friendly touching upon the benefits and action of green synthesised nanoparticles. The chapter discusses the mechanisms by which the green-synthesized nanoparticles interact with microbes, highlighting their potential to enhance plant health. By integrating nanotechnology into agricultural practices, the sector can address pressing challenges more effectively, unlocking new avenues for sustainable and resilient food production systems ensuring abundant food supply for a growing global population.