The integration of nanotechnology into agriculture has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural inputs. Nanoencapsulation of agricultural inputs such as nano fertilizers, nano pesticides, and nano herbicides offer a promising solution to several challenges faced in modern farming. Nanoencapsulation involves embedding these inputs within nanoscale carriers, which allows for controlled release, improved bioavailability, and reduced environmental impact. This method not only enhances the targeted delivery of agrochemicals, but also minimizes the quantities needed, thus lowering costs and mitigating potential adverse effects on non-target organisms and ecosystems. Recent advancements in nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nano capsules, and nanocomposites, have shown remarkable potential in improving the stability and release profiles of agricultural products. By modifying the physical and chemical properties of these inputs at the nanoscale, it is possible to achieve more precise control over their release rates and interaction with plant systems. This leads to increased nutrient uptake, enhanced pest and disease control, and reduced leaching into groundwater. The development of nano encapsulated Agri-inputs is also aligned with the principles of sustainable agriculture, as it promotes the efficient use of resources and reduces the environmental footprint of conventional practices. This chapter addresses the current state of nanoencapsulation technologies, preparation techniques, their applications in agriculture, and the benefits they offer in the modern real-life practices. It also addresses the potential challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation to fully realize the benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture.