Concept of Energy Hubs as a Base for Decentralization of the Power Grid
摘要
Power Grids of developed countries are changing towards decarbonization, digitalization, and decentralization. Decentralization is the first major test, and one of the appropriate solutions is to divide the power grid into Energy Hubs. This paper considers the Energy-Hub approach to decentralization of the existing power grid. The types of energy hubs are described. A method for determining the boundaries of the Energy Hub is proposed, taking into account the minimization of losses for the transmission of electrical energy. The issue of the fact that due to the impossibility of creating all Energy Hubs balanced, and due to various reasons, the conditions may change, the Energy Hubs Power Grid will have the form of Graphs, and to manage such a system it is necessary to use new management approaches. The prospects for the application of Consensus-Based Management of Energy Hubs have been determined. Agents of Energy Hubs and their interaction are considered. The paper emphasizes the importance of accurate modelling of power plant and Renewable Energy Sources generation, as well as the need for empirical data on the state of the environment and load forecasts for effective energy management. The use of Energy Storage Systems to mitigate discrepancies between projected and actual production, thereby increasing the reliability of power supply, is discussed. The most important part is to consider in detail the energy storage systems, their operation with Renewable Energy Sources and optimization in the selection depending on the conditions. The issue of Prosumers as the smallest full-fledged Energy Hub, which is initially balanced and, at the same time, under the influence of many factors, can change its state, is studied. Accordingly, the Socio-Demographic impact on the demand response of electricity consumption is considered as the most influential factor.