This chapter is devoted to the consideration of methodological approaches to modeling the components of renewable energy sources (RES) in the context of the energy sector of Ukraine. The authors systematize and analyze various modeling methods used to identify resources and energy conversion technologies, including solar, wind, hydropower, and biofuels. The monograph discusses in detail the basic principles of building models to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine and their possible contribution to the country’s overall energy system. Statistical analysis tools, geographic information systems, and other research methods are used to obtain objective data on renewable energy resources and their potential in Ukraine. In addition, the authors evaluate energy conversion technologies, including an analysis of the efficiency and economic feasibility of various methods of using RES. The advantages and limitations of each technology, as well as their impact on the environmental situation in Ukraine, are discussed. The chapter is intended for scientists, energy professionals, as well as policy makers and regulators interested in the development of renewable energy sources in Ukraine and their contribution to the country’s sustainable energy development.