This chapter presents a comprehensive study of power supply systems for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with a focus on their reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. By analyzing the current state of energy supply technologies and identifying the technical challenges associated with autonomous maritime operations, the study evaluates various energy sources including solar panels, batteries, and hybrid systems. Detailed models and calculations predict energy consumption under various operational scenarios, emphasizing the need to develop effective energy management strategies. The study also addresses the development of advanced autonomous control systems, robust communication technologies, and specialized sensors adapted to marine environments. To ensure responsible integration of unmanned technologies, ethical aspects such as privacy issues, marine life surveillance and legal aspects related to human involvement are discussed. The results of the study provide practical recommendations to improve the energy efficiency, autonomy and reliability of USVs, emphasizing the importance of innovation and collaboration in overcoming the challenges faced by the maritime industry.