Aquatic Sports
摘要
Aquatic athletes spend time in pool, fresh, and saltwater present risks for unique dermatoses associated with these environments. These sports include competitive swimming and diving, water polo, scuba, snorkeling, and paddle and board sports. Tinea pedis, often referred to as “athlete’s foot,” is an incredibly common cutaneous infection that’s easily transmissible through swimming pools, pool decks, and shower floors. Contact dermatitis is a common occurrence among aquatic sports athletes, particularly those that use equipment such as goggles, swim caps, nose clips, swim fins, and ear plugs. The findings of contact dermatitis are often attributed to chemical irritants and allergens found in swimming equipment. Marine bacterial infections may occur via direct inoculation injury or can be secondary to numerous other marine injuries. As one of the most diverse phyla of aquatic invertebrates, the Cnidarians are characterized by perhaps the most notorious of stinging aquatic animals, the jellyfish, among others. Jellyfish are part of three distinct classes within this phylum: Scyphozoa, Hydrozoa, and Cubozoa. For all of these classes, the potential for envenomation is derived from nematocysts, which are small capsular organelles along the Cnidarian tentacles containing barbed, venomous threads. Seabather’s eruption is an ocean dermatosis characterized by a pruritic, urticarial, and papular rash caused by the larval stage of the Scyphozoa Linuche unguiculata and Linuche aquila, which can cause the rash with prolonged contact with skin Paddlesports, including kayaking, rowing, and paddle boarding pose risks of injuries from falls on deck and from capsizing. Rowers may also experience what is known as rower’s rump, or lesions on the buttocks that resemble lichen simplex chronicus.