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In Mexico, more than 80% of agricultural lands are managed by small-scale farmers. These farmers oversee households ranging from less than 5 to 10 ha of land, primarily focusing on cultivating crops for local consumption (Ibarrola-Rivas et al. in PLoS ONE 18, 2023). A fundamental element of the traditional cultivation system is the ‘Milpa,’ a historical practice dating back 2,400 years. The ‘Milpa’ constitutes the Mesoamerican triad, involving at least three crops: maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus spp.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), along with supplementary crops such as chili, agave, coffee, and other varieties dependent on the ecoregion and traditional values specific to each locality (Linares and Bye in Haciendo milpa: La protección de las semillas y la agricultura campesina. Semillas de Vida A.C., UNAM, México, pp 9–12, 2011; Orozco-Ramírez et al., in Land, 2017).

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The Transition from a Traditional ‘Milpa’ Productive System to Maize Monocultures in the Tropical and Subtropical Dry Forests of Chiapas

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nadia S. Santini,
  • Nancy Gálvez-Reyes

摘要

In Mexico, more than 80% of agricultural lands are managed by small-scale farmers. These farmers oversee households ranging from less than 5 to 10 ha of land, primarily focusing on cultivating crops for local consumption (Ibarrola-Rivas et al. in PLoS ONE 18, 2023). A fundamental element of the traditional cultivation system is the ‘Milpa,’ a historical practice dating back 2,400 years. The ‘Milpa’ constitutes the Mesoamerican triad, involving at least three crops: maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus spp.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), along with supplementary crops such as chili, agave, coffee, and other varieties dependent on the ecoregion and traditional values specific to each locality (Linares and Bye in Haciendo milpa: La protección de las semillas y la agricultura campesina. Semillas de Vida A.C., UNAM, México, pp 9–12, 2011; Orozco-Ramírez et al., in Land, 2017).