Northern Baja California, has a Mediterranean climate, ideal for growing vine, yet moisture is insufficient, so groundwater is extracted to water the vineyards by drip irrigation. Piedmonts and valley bottoms with diverse, relatively young soils as Fluvisols and Regosols are used to grow vines, but also Cambisols and Luvisols occur on relict alluvial fans. The vineyards in rocky mountain sceneries under clear blue skies have become a tourist attraction and increasing urbanization is putting pressure on water resources. Groundwater overexploitation is increasing salt concentrations in soil in some areas and soil erosion threatens others. Improvements in land use and water supply planning by the inhabitants and wine producers of the region are urgently needed to preserve this notable region of good wine, good food, and attractive Mediterranean desert scenery.