This chapter explores health as the capacity to achieve vital goals. Democratically defining such goals makes them hard to specify, while individual definitions risk conflating health with personal life preferences. The concept is valuable for assessing recovery and addressing cases where medicine fails to explain patients’ conditions such as diseases with unknown etiologies. However, it blurs the boundaries between disability and poor health, and between health and environmental or personal circumstances. While measures of capacity are useful for understanding functionality, health is not synonymous with functionality. Specialized tools, like functionality measures, better assess capacities without embedding them in a broad, multipurpose concept of health, which risks overgeneralization and conceptual confusion.