This introductory chapter proposes that medicine, beyond its physical tools, relies on conceptual tools such as health, well-being, and quality of life. Reflection on these concepts as medical tools is timely, driven by scientific advancements, evolving attitudes toward inclusivity, increasing medicalization, and the healthcare system’s role in addressing inequalities. The two unfashionable theses of the book are anticipated: first, that the philosophy of medicine should prioritize a study of health concepts as defined in medical practice—a task of conceptual choice rooted in the tradition of conceptual analysis; second, that the concept of health as the absence of disease possesses significant merits. The chapter concludes by presenting an overview of the book’s structure and the content of subsequent chapters.