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Oral malodour (‘halitosis’ or ‘bad breath’) is defined as an odour emanating from breath, either from oral or systemic sources, with an intensity beyond a socially acceptable level perceived. Oral malodour can be a significant social concern, impacting interpersonal relationships and quality of life.

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Oral Malodour (Halitosis)

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • David Joo,
  • Elizabeth Arena

摘要

Oral malodour (‘halitosis’ or ‘bad breath’) is defined as an odour emanating from breath, either from oral or systemic sources, with an intensity beyond a socially acceptable level perceived. Oral malodour can be a significant social concern, impacting interpersonal relationships and quality of life.