Tobacco production and consumption are known to be harmful to health, the environment and society in general. In India, we see stark sex-based differences in tobacco consumption, in the associated disease burden, as well as in the access to health and social care. Despite that, there are no substantive efforts within research and policy/programmes to better understand and address the role of gender in the tobacco epidemic. In this chapter, we aim to use gender, as a social construct, to better understand the tobacco epidemic and situate gender within the role of the tobacco industry and public policy/programmes related to tobacco. Gender has played a crucial role in shaping the tobacco epidemic and ought to play an important role in shaping tobacco control interventions. However, we are yet to fully understand how it operates and how the industry employs it in tobacco promotion implying the need for focused research using a gender lens in India and other areas. Tobacco control policies/programmes remain largely gender-blind and ought to carefully consider gender in their design/deployment.