Wastewater effluent from tannery and leather processing industries is characterized by significant amounts of salts, dyes, chemicals, and solids, thereby raising environmental concerns. The environmental challenges created by these wastewaters are more exacerbated in the rural areas due to the limited wastewater treatment infrastructures. In treating wastewater from tannery and leather industries in rural areas, the identified treatment technologies include adsorption, coagulation, and membrane filtration. Other technologies that have been investigated but may not be applicable to the rural settings include heterogeneous photocatalysis and biological treatment. Integrated technologies have also been studied as they combine the use of multiple technologies to achieve the treatment.