Electronic garbage (e-waste) is a rapidly expanding global concern as the demand for electronic devices rises and their lifespans reduce. The rapid growth of the electronics sector has worsened the worldwide problem, especially in growing nations where informal recycling processes worsen the situation. E-waste is a major environmental and health hazard, containing toxic components harmful to both humans and ecosystems. Improper disposal releases dangerous substances like polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, and carcinogens, which can contaminate soil, water, and air. These pollutants may enter the food chain, causing serious health issues such as kidney damage, skin disorders, lung cancer, and brain damage. Managing e-waste effectively remains a major challenge, particularly in developing nations. Several obstacles are mentioned, including a lack of data and several elements in e-waste, and the absence of globally relevant standard procedures for measuring material concentrations in particular electronic equipment. Researchers are looking at eco-friendly metal recovery techniques and efficient recycling procedures as well as sustainable management strategies to address this problem.