Electronic waste has become a rapidly growing environmental issue due to its hazardous content, particularly heavy metals. Current waste disposal practices of landfilling and incineration generate apparent environmental impacts since they emit poisonous emissions that contaminate the surroundings. The chapter describes how bioleaching provides an ecologically beneficial way for recovering metals from discarded electronic items. Several species of microbes like Chromobacterium violaceum, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Aspergillus niger employ their metabolic processes to transform heavy metals into water-soluble elements. The chapter analyzes how microorganisms operate to release metals and compares how chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic mechanisms affect metal extraction alongside fungal applications. Research focuses on how certain bioleaching parameters such as pH levels, temperature, and nutrition delivery influence metal extraction effectiveness. This chapter addresses all environmental dangers of e-waste exposure throughout the bioleaching process and recommends solutions to decrease such hazards. It also illustrates how bioleaching might assist circular economy projects by converting trash into useful products. This chapter displays recent research findings to indicate the way bioleaching may become a feasible alternative for e-waste management and heavy metal pollution mitigation.