The rapid expansion of the electronics industry has profoundly reshaped modern life. However, it has simultaneously given rise to a pressing environmental challenge like a surge of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contains precious metals like gold, palladium, silver, platinum, copper, and rare earth elements and also has hazardous substances such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium and mercury. E-waste is often discarded improperly, bypassing essential environmental protocols. Thus, these contaminants can leach into the environment, posing significant health risks to ecosystems along with humans. Utilizing microorganisms to facilitate precious metals recovery emerges as a more environmentally friendly recycling approach of e-waste. Various microbes are used in the recycling of e-wastes and recovering precious metals. Cyanogenic microbes such as Chromobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acidithiobacillus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc., play a critical role in recovering precious metals like gold, silver etc. These microbes release cyanide as a secondary metabolic byproduct. Cyanides form a soluble complex with metals enhancing the metal solubility. Additionally, these microorganisms can produce organic acids that further dissolve metals. This review underscores the e-waste pollution and the mechanisms by which cyanogenic microorganisms can recover precious metals from e-waste.