The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of supply chain capabilities (SCCs) in the relationship between digital supply chain (DSC) activities and sustainable performance in Iranian manufacturing companies. For this purpose, 126 questionnaires completed by top managers and high-level employees of these companies examine. First, based on the extant literature, indicators of the research constructs were extracted. Then Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-CFA) were done to identify and confirm the structures, and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to investigate the relationships. Finally, this chapter presents a conceptual framework for DSC activities, SCCs, and sustainable performance. The values obtained from the Sobel test for the mediating variable (Z-value = 6.73 and Z-value = 7.44) show that SCCs mediate the relationship between DSC activities and sustainable performance. The results provide a road map based on existing scenarios to enhance the sustainable performance of manufacturing companies.