Epilepsy, a prevalent chronic neurological disease, requires effective self-management to help individuals adapt their lifestyles and behaviors to the condition’s long-term challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program in improving self-management skills and psychological well-being in people with epilepsy, using an assessor-blinded randomized controlled design. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 52) or a control group (n = 48). The intervention group received an educational program that included a self-management application and web-based education, while the control group remained on a waiting list without intervention. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up. Primary outcomes were measured using the Vietnamese Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (V-ESMS) and its subscales. Secondary outcomes included seizure frequency, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Results indicated that participants in the intervention group showed a significant increase in the mean V-ESMS score from baseline to the 3-month evaluation (from 132.96 [SD, 17.15] to 138.37 [SD, 15.62]; p = 0.009), particularly in the Information management subscale, with no statistical improvement observed in the control group (p = 0.002). This trend persisted at the 6-month follow-up. However, there were no significant differences in seizure frequency, anxiety, or quality of life. The study concluded that an educational program effectively enhanced self-management scores in people with epilepsy, especially in Information management. These findings suggest that further testing in larger populations, including caregivers and families, is warranted to validate these results and explore broader applicability.